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WHAT IS AN ATOM?

What is an atom?
The atom is considered the building blocks of all matter. It is the smallest particle of an element that has all the chemical properties of that element. Atoms have a nucleus, protons and neutrons surrounded by electronesLos atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons. The simplest atom is hydrogen, which is composed of an electro and a protónConforme to that observed in the database of frequently asked questions Can I see SEED ATOMS WITH MICROSCOPE?, Atoms are very small, measuring approximately 10 -10 meters, about 2,000 times smaller than can be seen through a microscope ópticoLa website Thomas Jefferson Laboratory (in English), announced that, from October 16, 2006, scientists reported 117 different elements. Some are known for many years, while others were discovered recently.

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This model is strictly a model of the hydrogen atom taking as its starting point the model of Rutherford, Niels Bohr, is to incorporate the phenomena of absorption and emission of gases, and the new theory of quantization of energy developed by Max Planck and the photoelectric phenomenon observed by Albert Einstein.
"The atom is a small solar system with a central nucleus and electrons moving around the nucleus in well defined orbits." The orbits are quantized (the e-can be only in certain orbits)
Each orbit has an associated energy. The outermost is the most energy.
The electrons do not radiate energy (light) while they remain in stable orbits.
Electrons can jump from one to another orbit. If it comes from a lower energy to higher energy absorbs a quantum of energy (an amount) equal to the energy difference associated with each orbit. Switching from one higher to lower, losing energy as radiation (light).
Bohr's greatest achievement was to explain the emission spectrum of hydrogen. But only the light of this element. Provides a basis for the quantum nature of light, the photon is emitted when an electron falls from one orbit to another, with a pulse of energy radiated. Bohr could not explain the existence of stable orbits and the quantization condition. Bohr found that the angular momentum of the electron is h/2π by a method that can not justify.