Gregor Mendel 
born in Austria on July 20, 1822, was a monk and naturalist. He described the laws governing heredity, through the work carried out with different varieties of pea plants. His work was not appreciated when it was published in 1866. Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist, with Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak , rediscovered Mendel's laws separately in 1900.
In 1847, ordained a priest. Mendel was head of the Prelature of the Austrian Imperial and Royal Order of Francis Joseph, director emeritus of the Mortgage Bank of Moravia, the founder of the Meteorological Association Austrian member the Royal and Imperial Moravian and Silesian Society for the Improvement of Agriculture, Science and Knowledge of the country, and gardener.
Mendel died on January 6, 1884 in Brno. It remains one of the great biologists of the nineteenth century and the inspiration for one of the most challenging science of our time - genetics.
CITA BLIBLIOGRAFICA:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel
LAW OF INHERITANCE:
1) Law of segregation: This law tells us that in a cross monohybrid (one feature) is diploid individual has two alleles for the same property, and that these alleles separate (segregate) to form gametes, one allele for each gamete formed.
2) independent distribution law: In a dihybrid cross (two features) two alleles of a property is separated and their separation is independent of the separation of the alleles of another locus or feature.
3) Act combining the genes: Each of the pure characteristics of each variety (color, roughness of the skin, etc.) Spread to the next generation independently of each other, following the first two laws.
CHROMOSOMES:
Chromosomes are the carriers of most of the genetic material and determine the organization of life and hereditary characteristics of each species. Mendel's experiments showed that many of the characters of pea depend on two factors, later called genes, of which each individual receives a copy from the father and one mother.
chromosomes Study:
All individuals of the same species have the same number of chromosomes
chromosomes are duplicated during cell division and, once completed, recovering the original state
Chromosomes come in even number on the species, and each of the components of the pair, called homologous chromosome.
somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes and designated diploid (2n) , while sexual have only one and are called haploid (N) . The diploid number is characteristic of the species.
The karyotype are all features characteristic of a whole chromosome from one species, such as chromosome number, shape, etc ...
Features
chromosomes Classes
metacentric ü : equal arms.
ü submetacentric: arms of different lengths.
ü Acrocentric : a very short arm.
ü telocentric: the centromere is at one end.
