Definition:
HIV (short for Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the infectious agent determinant of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Features:
The process of converting RNA into DNA is a major characteristic of retroviruses and actions carried out by reverse transcriptase enzyme. With the demonstration of reverse transcriptase, began in the 1970 search for the human retrovirus, which allowed the isolation in 1980 of leukemia virus of adult T cells, HTLV-I (R. Gallo et al.)
HIV has a diameter of about 100 nanometers. Its outside is the "cover" a membrane that originally belonged to the cell where the virus emerged. On the cover is a virus protein, gp41, or transmembrane glycoprotein. Gp41 is connected to the gp120, which can bind to the CD4 receptor located on the surface of T lymphocytes to penetrate them. The core has a "capsid", consisting of the p24 protein. Inside is the RNA form of HIV genetic information.
The process of converting RNA into DNA is a major characteristic of retroviruses and actions carried out by reverse transcriptase enzyme. With the demonstration of reverse transcriptase, began in the 1970 search for the human retrovirus, which allowed the isolation in 1980 of leukemia virus of adult T cells, HTLV-I (R. Gallo et al.)
HIV has a diameter of about 100 nanometers. Its outside is the "cover" a membrane that originally belonged to the cell where the virus emerged. On the cover is a virus protein, gp41, or transmembrane glycoprotein. Gp41 is connected to the gp120, which can bind to the CD4 receptor located on the surface of T lymphocytes to penetrate them. The core has a "capsid", consisting of the p24 protein. Inside is the RNA form of HIV genetic information.
Transmission:
so far only been demonstrated and documented three modes of transmission: Sexual
(unprotected sex): View (transmitted disease sexual). The disease is spread by contact with infected secretions, genital mucosa, rectal or oral else. Parenteral
(for blood): is a way of transmission through contaminated syringes is given by intravenous drug use or health services, as has sometimes occurred in poor countries, do not use the best Sanitation, also people, like hemophiliacs, who received a transfusion of contaminated blood products contaminated blood products, and to a lesser extent health care workers who are exposed to infection in an occupational accident may occur if a wound contact contaminated blood, and also during the performance of piercings, tattoos and scarification.
Vertical (mother to child): Transmission can occur during the last weeks of pregnancy, during birth or through breast-feeding. In these situations, childbirth is the most problematic. Can be treated with antiviral mother about birth to significantly reduce the likelihood of infection of the baby (less than 1%).
(unprotected sex): View (transmitted disease sexual). The disease is spread by contact with infected secretions, genital mucosa, rectal or oral else. Parenteral
(for blood): is a way of transmission through contaminated syringes is given by intravenous drug use or health services, as has sometimes occurred in poor countries, do not use the best Sanitation, also people, like hemophiliacs, who received a transfusion of contaminated blood products contaminated blood products, and to a lesser extent health care workers who are exposed to infection in an occupational accident may occur if a wound contact contaminated blood, and also during the performance of piercings, tattoos and scarification.
Vertical (mother to child): Transmission can occur during the last weeks of pregnancy, during birth or through breast-feeding. In these situations, childbirth is the most problematic. Can be treated with antiviral mother about birth to significantly reduce the likelihood of infection of the baby (less than 1%).
---> SYPHILIS:
is a sexually transmitted disease virus disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. In communities living in extreme hygiene, endemic syphilis is transmitted by sexual contact no.
Symptoms:
First Stage: presents a painless blister, becoming a sore red border, called puddle. In the male these pools are in the penis or inside the testicles and in women the cervix and the labia.
This puddle disappears in a month or month and a half, because it begins the second phase of the disease.
Second Stage pinkish have hives, called syphilitic nails are in the palms, soles, backs. Causes fever, sore throat and joint pain, weight loss and hair loss.
syphilitic nails can be contagious if there are injuries (can be spread by skin contact).
Stage: at this stage of syphilis, appears to return to directly attack the nervous system or organ, it may even kill.
References:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADfilis#Contagio
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIDA#Prevenci.C3.B3n
