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1. Bond-breaking mechanisms

If you look at any organic reaction shows that break bonds in the reactants and forming new bonds in products. The breaking of bonds can be symmetrical, also called asymmetric or homolytic and heterolytic. The first originates neutral species with unpaired electrons called free radicals and the second produces ionic species .

1.1. homolytic cleavage: in this case, each species maintains the electron initially supplied to form the link. each of species formed are called free radicals, which are very unstable particles, energy and electrically neutral. For this breakdown is necessary for the presence of ultraviolet light (hv) or heat.

example of homolytic breaking.

cienciaslasalleenv.blogspot.com Image taken from the blog.

This image was made using the program ACD / ChemSketch 10.0

find in this direction a simulation of a homolytic break:

http://medicina.usac.edu.gt/quimica/hidrocar/alcanos/Rompimiento_Homol_tico.htm

To apply and reflect:

• Does the presence of free radicals its effects on the formation of mutations in DNA?
• How do ultraviolet rays on your skin?

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Each chemical transformation involves a change in the connectivity of the atoms. Some links are broken and new ones are formed. The organic chemistry is concerned not only by the reactants and products of a reaction, but also the details, especially the order of the processes of breaking and bond formation. Also is interested in the study of reaction rates and investigate how the speed and products vary depending on the experimental conditions.
also explores the stereochemical changes that occur during the reaction. From observations like these, I postulate the details of the process or path that the reagents are for processing into products. This reaction path is called the reaction mechanism.

Importance of reactions

reactions are an important element of organic chemistry, and knowledge is essential to the chemical. The conversion of a other substances is performed by use of reactions, which often act on specific groups of the molecule.
organic reactions have two special characteristics of the inorganic differences: they develop a very low speed and, in most cases, only the functional group involved in the reaction, so the rest of the organic molecule remains intact .
in organic processes is rare that a given reagents lead to products defined by a unique reaction. Typically, the reaction we expect to be accompanied by other secondary processes, so that not only gets the products that we hope but also displayed as a result of these secondary processes. This suggests that the reaction products depend to a large extent on the experimental conditions.

To apply and reflect:

• what bodily processes can identify an organic reaction?
• industrial level, social and / or economic influence how the reactions in man's life?

Cybergraphy:

• http://www.quimicaorganica.net/
• http://www.box.net/shared/2a0l5odt2e , concept map that summarizes the most important features of the Organic Reactions (performed by Andrés Santa for Lasallian University Corporation AVA Diploma)